Winter weather can be tough on plants and shrubs, but with a little preparation, you can help them survive and thrive through the colder months. Snow, frost, and freezing temperatures can damage roots, foliage, and branches, but protective strategies can minimize harm. Here’s how to safeguard your greenery during winter.
1. Water Thoroughly Before the Ground Freezes
Moist soil retains heat better than dry soil, helping to protect plant roots from freezing.
- What to do:
- Deeply water plants and shrubs in the late fall before the ground freezes.
- Focus on evergreens and newly planted shrubs, as they are more vulnerable to dehydration.
- Why it works: Hydrated plants are better equipped to handle the stress of cold weather.
2. Add a Layer of Mulch
Mulch acts as insulation, regulating soil temperature and moisture levels.
- How to apply mulch:
- Spread a 2-4 inch layer of mulch around the base of plants and shrubs.
- Use materials like straw, bark, wood chips, or pine needles.
- Avoid piling mulch directly against the plant’s trunk to prevent rot.
- Why it works: Mulch protects roots from extreme temperature fluctuations and retains moisture.
3. Wrap Vulnerable Shrubs
Wrapping shrubs shields them from harsh winds, heavy snow, and ice.
- How to wrap:
- Use burlap or breathable fabric to wrap shrubs, securing it with twine.
- Build a frame with stakes around larger shrubs, then drape burlap over the frame.
- Avoid using plastic, as it traps moisture and can cause freezing.
- Why it works: Wrapping creates a barrier against drying winds and physical damage from snow or ice.
4. Prune and Trim Before Winter
Removing weak or dead branches reduces the risk of breakage under the weight of snow and ice.
- How to prune:
- Trim dead, diseased, or damaged branches from shrubs and trees.
- Shape shrubs to minimize snow accumulation on top.
- Avoid heavy pruning, as this can stimulate new growth that won’t survive the winter.
- Why it works: Pruning prevents structural damage and promotes healthy growth in spring.
5. Protect Against Frost
Frost can damage tender plants and shrubs, especially during sudden temperature drops.
- How to protect against frost:
- Cover plants with frost cloths, bed sheets, or blankets when frost is expected.
- Remove covers during the day to allow sunlight and air circulation.
- For smaller plants, use inverted buckets or cloches for frost protection.
- Why it works: Covers trap heat from the soil, keeping plants warmer during frosty nights.
6. Create Windbreaks
Harsh winter winds can dry out foliage and damage branches, especially on evergreens.
- How to build a windbreak:
- Install a temporary barrier, like burlap or snow fencing, on the windward side of shrubs.
- Use stakes to support the barrier and ensure it stays upright.
- Why it works: Windbreaks reduce wind exposure, protecting plants from dehydration and physical damage.
7. Avoid Salt Damage
De-icing salts can harm plants by drawing moisture from their roots or accumulating in the soil.
- How to minimize salt damage:
- Use sand, sawdust, or kitty litter instead of salt near plants.
- Protect plants near driveways or sidewalks with burlap barriers.
- Rinse salt off nearby plants and soil with fresh water after storms.
- Why it works: Reducing salt exposure prevents dehydration and root damage.
8. Apply Antidesiccant Sprays
Evergreens are especially prone to winter burn, where foliage dries out due to wind and sun exposure.
- How to use antidesiccants:
- Spray evergreen foliage with a plant-safe antidesiccant in late fall.
- Reapply mid-winter if needed, following product instructions.
- Why it works: Antidesiccants create a protective coating that reduces moisture loss from leaves.
9. Protect Potted Plants
Plants in containers are more vulnerable to freezing temperatures due to exposed roots.
- What to do:
- Move potted plants to a sheltered area, like a garage, shed, or covered porch.
- Wrap containers with burlap or bubble wrap for added insulation.
- Group pots together to create a microclimate and retain heat.
- Why it works: Insulating and relocating pots prevents roots from freezing.
10. Stake Young Trees and Shrubs
Heavy snow and ice can bend or break young plants.
- How to stake properly:
- Place stakes around young trees or shrubs and tie loosely with soft, flexible material.
- Ensure ties are not too tight, allowing for natural movement.
- Why it works: Staking supports young plants and prevents damage from snow accumulation or strong winds.
11. Create Snow Covers
A protective cover can prevent snow from piling on delicate shrubs.
- How to cover:
- Use an A-frame made of wood or plastic over shrubs prone to heavy snow damage.
- Shake off excess snow after storms to prevent branches from bending or breaking.
- Why it works: Snow covers protect shrubs from the weight and pressure of heavy snowfalls.
12. Avoid Foot Traffic on Frozen Soil
Walking on frozen soil can compact it, restricting root growth and oxygen flow.
- What to do:
- Create paths or walkways with stepping stones or boards to avoid stepping on plant beds.
- Mark areas with stakes or signs to keep foot traffic away.
- Why it works: Protecting the soil ensures healthy root systems in the spring.
Final Thoughts: A Winter Sanctuary for Your Plants
By taking these steps to protect your plants and shrubs, you can shield them from winter’s harsh conditions and set the stage for healthy growth in the spring. A little preparation now will save you time, effort, and replacement costs later. Keep your greenery safe, and enjoy a beautiful, thriving yard year-round!
